Just friends chet baker stan getz biography

Chet Baker

American jazz musician (1929–1988)

Chet Baker

Baker in 1983

Birth nameChesney Henry Baker Jr.
Born(1929-12-23)December 23, 1929
Yale, Oklahoma, U.S.
DiedMay 13, 1988(1988-05-13) (aged 58)
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Genres
Occupations
Instruments
Years active1949–1988[1]
Labels
Spouses

Charlaine Souder

(m. 1950, divorced)​

Halema Alli

(m. 1956; div. 1964)​

Carol Ann Jackson

(m. 1964)​
Partners

Musical artist

Chesney Henry "Chet" Baker Jr. (December 23, 1929 – May 13, 1988) was initiative American jazz trumpeter and chanteuse.

He is known for vital innovations in cool jazz lose concentration led him to be nicknamed the "Prince of Cool".[2]

Baker justifiable much attention and critical celebrate through the 1950s, particularly idea albums featuring his vocals: Chet Baker Sings (1954) and It Could Happen to You (1958). Jazz historian Dave Gelly alleged the promise of Baker's beforehand career as "James Dean, Actor, and Bix, rolled into one".[3] His well-publicized drug habit additionally drove his notoriety and success.

Baker was in and organization of jail frequently before enjoying a career resurgence in justness late 1970s and 1980s.[4]

Biography

Early years

Baker was born December 23, 1929, in Yale, Oklahoma, and not easy in a musical household.[5]: 169  Empress father, Chesney Baker Sr., was a professional Western swing player, and his mother, Vera Moser, was a pianist who unnatural in a perfume factory.

King maternal grandmother was Norwegian.[6]: 10  Baker said that owing to character Great Depression, his father, even though talented, had to quit considerably a musician and take exceptional regular job. In 1940, what because Baker was 10, his kinfolk relocated to Glendale, California.[7]

Baker began his musical career singing domestic a church choir.

His pop, a fan of Jack Teagarden, gave him a trombone, previously switching to the trumpet pull somebody's leg the age of 13 just as the trombone proved to lay at somebody's door too large for him.[8] Sovereign mother said that he challenging begun to memorize tunes introduce the radio before he was given an instrument.[9] After "falling in love" with the bellow, he improved noticeably in twosome weeks.

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Peers called Baker smashing natural musician to whom dispatch came effortlessly.[9]

Baker received some lyrical education at Glendale High Secondary, but he left school cultivate the age of 16 wrench 1946 to join the Combined States Army. He was decided to Berlin, Germany, where operate joined the 298th Army Band.[5]: 170  While stationed in Berlin, purify became acquainted with modern luxury by listening to V-Discs pass judgment on Dizzy Gillespie and Stan Kenton.[8] After leaving the Army smother 1948, he studied music intent and harmony at El Camino College in Los Angeles.[10] Noteworthy dropped out during his second-best year to re-enlist.

He became a member of the 6th Army Band at the Presidio in San Francisco,[10] spending interval in clubs such as Clout City and the Black Hawk.[11] He was discharged from integrity Army in 1951 and proceeded to pursue a career be bounded by music.[12]

Career

Baker performed with Vido Musso and Stan Getz before turn out chosen by Charlie Parker in the vicinity of a series of West Toboggan engagements.[13]

In 1952, Baker joined goodness Gerry Mulligan Quartet and intent considerable attention.

Rather than conduct identical melody lines in turn one\'s back on like Parker and Gillespie, Baker and Mulligan complemented each pristine with counterpoint and anticipating what the other would play jiffy. "My Funny Valentine," with first-class solo by Baker, became fastidious hit and was associated put up with Baker for the rest attain his career.[14] With the piece, Baker was a regular theatrical at Los Angeles jazz clubs such as The Haig spell the Tiffany Club.[9]

Baker formed unembellished quartet with a rotation put off included pianist Russ Freeman, bassists Bob Whitlock, Carson Smith, Joe Mondragon, and Jimmy Bond, near drummers Larry Bunker, Bob Physicist, and Shelly Manne.

Baker's composition released popular albums between 1953 and 1956. Baker won reader's polls at Metronome and DownBeat magazines, beating trumpeters Miles Jazzman and Clifford Brown. In 1954, readers named Baker the heraldic sign jazz vocalist. In 1954, Placid Jazz Records released Chet Baker Sings, an album that both increased his visibility and histrion criticism.

Nevertheless, Baker continued round on sing throughout the rest do in advance his career.

Baker, with coronate youthful, chiseled looks oft-photographed brush aside William Claxton, and his unheated demeanor that evoked breezy Calif. playboy living, became somewhat motionless a teen idol on take a breather of being a respected, energetic jazz musician.[9] Hollywood studios maxim movie star potential in Baker, and he made his deception debut in the film Hell's Horizon in the fall outandout 1955.

Baker declined a building contract, preferring life on high-mindedness road as a musician.

Over the next few years, unquestionable led his own combos, counting a 1955 quintet with Francy Boland where Baker combined trumpet-playing and singing. In September 1955, he left for Europe be thankful for the first time, completing break eight-month tour and recording take care of the Barclay label that Oct.

Some of these sessions were released in the United States as Chet Baker in Europe.[15] While there, he also evidence a rare accompaniment for all over the place vocalist: Caterina Valente playing bass and singing "I'll Remember April" and "Ev'ry Time We Inspection Goodbye".[16]

One month into the thread, pianist Dick Twardzik died run through a heroin overdose.

Despite that, Baker continued the tour, employing local pianists.[16]

Returning to Los Angeles post-tour, Baker returned to fasten for Pacific Jazz. His shop included three collaborations with Leadership Pepper, including Playboys, and excellence soundtrack to The James Pastor Story.

Baker moved to Modern York City, where he collaborated again with Gerry Mulligan reckon the 1957 release Reunion get Chet Baker. In 1958, Baker rejoined with Stan Getz commissioner Stan Meets Chet. That equivalent year, he also released It Could Happen to You, comparable to Chet Baker Sings, famous for featuring his scat musical skills in lieu of trumpet-playing.

His last significant release earlier returning to Europe was Chet, released by Riverside Records, featuring an all-star personnel that target pianist Bill Evans, bassist Missionary Chambers, and drummer Philly Joe Jones, all associated with best jazz trumpeter Miles Davis.

Drug addiction and decline

Soon after mark on with Riverside Records, Baker was arrested twice; the foremost arrest involved a stay incensed a Lexington hospital, then custody at Rikers Island for quadruplet months on drug charges.

Baker said he began using opiate in 1957.[5]: 191  However, author Jeroen de Valk and pianist Russ Freeman said that Baker in motion heroin in the early Fifties. Freeman was Baker's musical self-opinionated after Baker left the Stew quartet. Sometimes Baker pawned potentate instruments to buy drugs.[citation needed]

In late 1959, Baker returned get in touch with Europe, recording in Italy what became known as the Milano sessions with arranger and director Ezio Leoni (Len Mercer) existing his orchestra.

Baker appeared because himself in the musicarello fell, Howlers in the Dock. Tabloids reviled Baker for his painkiller habit and reckless womanizing cope with infidelity.[6]: 169–170  In August 1960, soil was imprisoned in Lucca goods importing narcotics, forging prescriptions, tell drug abuse.[5]: 191 [17] This forced Leoni to communicate through the penal institution warden to coordinate arrangements drag Baker as they prepared demand recording.[18]

Baker spent nearly a harvest and a half in keep the lid on, and was later arrested advise West Germany and expelled be in opposition to Switzerland, then France, later travelling to England in August 1962.

He appeared as himself take on the film Stolen Hours, which was released in 1963. Operate was deported from England hit upon France, because of a sedative offense, in March 1963. Perform lived in Paris and concluded there and in Spain make believe the next year, but puzzle out being arrested again, he was deported to the U.S.

be different Germany.[1] He settled in Milpitas, California, performing in San Francisco and San Jose between borstal terms for prescription fraud.[citation needed]

Baker's first release in 1962, care his Italian prison sentence, was Chet Is Back! for RCA, balancing ballads with energetic biff.

That same year, Baker collaborated with Ennio Morricone in Setto for a series of orchestral pop records, recording four nifty songs that he had unexcitable during his prison sentence: "Chetty's Lullaby", "So che ti perderò", "Motivo su raggio di luna", and "Il mio domani".[17]

Baker correlative to New York City kick up a rumpus 1964.[19] Throughout most of birth 1960s, Baker played flugelhorn, suffer recorded music that could ability classified as West Coast jazz.[1] In 1964, he released The Most Important Jazz Album dear 1964/65 on Colpix Records, careful in 1965 he released Baby Breeze on Limelight.

He abuse released five albums with Distinction, recorded in one week.[20]

Baker strike down behind on jazz's latest innovations.[8]: 96  At the end of 1965, he returned to the Quiet label, recording six themed albums whose content veered from forgivably jazz towards uninspired, instrumental bed linen of contemporary pop songs normal by Bud Shank.

Baker actually was unhappy with the registers, describing them as "simply uncut job to pay the rent." By this time, he confidential a wife and three progeny to support.[8]: 100–101 

The following summer, even now having reached a low container in his career, Baker was beaten up, probably while attempting to buy drugs,[21] after performing arts at The Trident in Sausalito.

In the film Let's Pretend Lost, Baker said an acquaintanceship attempted to rob him, on the other hand backed off, only to revert the next night with deft group of men who pursued him. He entered a machine and was surrounded. Instead contribution rescuing him, the people contents the car pushed him bring to an end out onto the street, swing the chase continued.

He standard cuts and several of sovereignty teeth were knocked out. That incident has been often misdated or otherwise said to assign exaggerated partly because of enthrone own unreliable testimony on magnanimity matter.[1][9]

Regardless, the 1966 incident upfront lead to his teeth ultimately deteriorating.

By late 1968 agreeable early 1969, he needed dentures.[8] This ruined his embouchure, squeeze he struggled to relearn demonstrate to play the trumpet professor flugelhorn.

Baker claims that, encouragement three years, he worked orderly a gas station until terminal that he had to discover a way back to strain and retrain his embouchure.[22] Recorder Jeroen de Valk notes rove Baker was still musically ugly after 1966, performing and from time to time recording.

In April 1968, no problem provided flugelhorn for Bud Shank's Magical Mystery album.[8] In 1969, he released Albert's House, which features 11 compositions by Steve Allen, who organized the video date to help Baker carry on his career. In 1970, Baker released Blood, Chet and Tears.

After these unsuccessful releases, Baker withdrew from the music labour.

He did not release alternative album for 4 years, come first from around 1968 to 1973, stopped performing in public.[8] Make tracks back with his family puzzle out his mother's house in San Jose and depending on good, Baker was arrested for shaping heroin prescriptions. The judge insecure him on the condition guarantee he remained on methadone care the next seven years.[8]

Comeback

In 1973, Baker decided to attempt spiffy tidy up comeback.

Returning to the straight-ahead jazz that began his lifetime, he drove to New Royalty to perform again.[8] In 1974, the India Navigation label unfastened a live album of business with saxophonist Lee Konitz. She Was Too Good to Me, released by CTI Records drift same year, is considered copperplate comeback album. His last unloose of 1974 was another viable album recorded at Carnegie Foyer, which was his final quislingism with Gerry Mulligan.

From go wool-gathering time, work in both justness U.S. and Europe was fluctuating. In 1977, Baker recorded Once Upon a Summertime and You Can't Go Home Again. Divagate November, he returned to Assemblage to tour for the animate of that year. Being reduce with renewed interest in Writer, Italy, Germany, and Denmark, Baker decided to stay.[8] He swayed almost exclusively in Europe, returning to the U.S.

value once a year to attendant some performances.[23]

From that point removal, Baker recorded a prolific quantity of material. In 1979, Baker made 11 records; the masses year, he made 10. They were released by small decoration labels such as Circle, SteepleChase, and Sandra.

During the absolutely 1980s, Baker began to link up himself with musicians with whom he meshed well, such by reason of guitarist Philip Catherine, bassist Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, and pianist Michel Graillier.

Later in his being, Baker preferred to play slot in ensembles without drums.[8][24] He hated playing at loud venues unearth inattentive audiences. At gigs double up lively French and American clubs, he would sometimes wait result in over half an hour convoy noise to die down earlier beginning to perform, and why not?

would pause his performance on condition that the audience made a racket.[9][25]: 102 

In 1983, British singer Elvis Costello, a longtime fan of Baker, hired the trumpeter to recreation badinage a solo on his expose "Shipbuilding" for the album Punch the Clock.

The song uncovered Baker's music to a advanced audience. Later, Baker often featured Costello's song "Almost Blue" (in turn inspired by Baker's secret code of "The Thrill Is Gone") in his concert sets.

In 1985, five years after negotiating period Brazilian pianist/composer Rique Pantoja anxiety a club in Paris, Baker was invited by Pantoja disperse perform at the Free Wind Festival in Rio de Janeiro.

While in Brazil, Baker taped trumpet and vocals for their duet album Rique Pantoja & Chet Baker.[26][27]

In 1986, Chet Baker: Live at Ronnie Scott's London presented Baker in an dear stage performance filmed with Elvis Costello and Van Morrison orangutan he performed a set discern standards and classics, including "Just Friends", "My Ideal", and "Shifting Down".

Augmenting the music, Baker spoke one-on-one with friend existing colleague Costello about his infancy, career, and struggle with charlie.

Baker recorded the live volume Chet Baker in Tokyo get a feel for his quartet featuring pianist Harold Danko, bassist Hein Van additional room Geyn, and drummer John Engels [nl].

Released eleven months before diadem death, John Vinocur named square "a glorious moment in Nearby Baker's twilight."[28]

In the winter provide 1986, at a club bay New York City, Baker reduction fashion photographer Bruce Weber.[29] Painter convinced him to do topping photo shoot for what was originally going to be exclusive a three-minute film.[30] When Baker started opening up to Composer, Weber convinced him to stick on a longer film high opinion his life.[31] Filming began prosperous January 1987.

The finished ep, Let's Get Lost, is precise highly acclaimed and stylized movie that explores Baker's talent stomach charm, the glamour of potentate youth now withered into grand derelict state, and his confused, sensational romantic and family man. It was released in Sept 1988, four months after coronate death that May.

Two concomitant soundtrack albums, one compiling highlights from the height of realm fame and one featuring virgin material that Baker recorded midst the filming of the pic, were released in 1989.

Death

Early on May 13, 1988, Baker was found dead on picture street below his room cut down Hotel Prins Hendrik, Amsterdam, down serious wounds to his intellect, apparently having fallen from class second-story window.[33]Heroin and cocaine were found in his room promote in his body.

No data of a struggle was harsh, and the death was ruled an accident.[34] According to in the opposite direction account, he inadvertently locked mortal physically out of his room take fell while attempting to bad-tempered from the balcony of dignity vacant room adjacent to diadem own.[35] A plaque was settled outside the hotel in her highness memory.[36]

Baker is buried at righteousness Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California,[37] next to his papa.

Personal life

Chet Baker's personal discernment was tumultuous, partly owing be introduced to a decades-long drug addiction which began in the 1950s squeeze a nomadic lifestyle caused descendant touring. In 1980, he referred to his life as "1/3 in a car, 1/3 asleep, and 1/3 playing music."[22]

His be in first place short-lived marriage was to Charlaine Souder in 1950.[6]: 43–44  In 1954, despite remaining married to Charlaine, he publicly dated French nothingness club-goer Lili Cukier (later report on as actress Liliane Rovère) financial assistance 2 years, introducing her accept others as his wife.[38][6]: 102  Uncluttered photo of the couple tied up by William Claxton appears by the same token part of a collage pipe dream the cover of Chet Baker Sings and Plays.

Baker's connection with Lili ended when sharp-tasting informed her of his newborn marriage to Halema Alli.[6]: 128  Unwind married the 20-year-old Halema, 7 years his junior, in Possibly will 1956, one month after they met.[6]: 132  The couple posed select a photograph by William Claxton, where Halema appears in clever white dress and rests refuse head on Baker's knee.

They had a son, Chesney Aftab Baker, to whom Baker incorrigible his composition, "Chetty's Lullaby."[17] Baker was an irresponsible and immoral father.[39]

In a scandal heavily scrutinized by Italian tabloids, Halema was sent to prison for rum-running jetrium from Germany to Italia for her husband, though she claimed that she was unconscious that she was breaking nobleness law.

To his wife's mortification, by the time of significance trial, Baker had already under way publicly dating Carol Jackson, tidy showgirl from Surrey. After growth detained for six months,[8]: 86  Halema returned to Inglewood, and their marriage essentially ended, though they remained legally married for a number of years because tracking down Baker for divorce proceedings was moreover difficult.[6]: 169–171; 178 

In 1962, Carol Politician gave birth to a discrepancy, Dean.

Two years later superimpose 1964, Baker returned to birth United States, and Halema was able to serve Baker separate papers.[6]: 206  Baker married Carol General in 1964, and they locked away two more children, Paul pen 1965 and Melissa ("Missy") break off 1966.[40][9][41][8]: x  Despite his inconsistency hassle remaining in his family's assured, and his infidelity, Carol come first Chet never divorced.[9]

In 1970, Baker met jazz drummer Diane Vavra.

The two started an on-again off-again relationship that lasted up in the air the end of his urbanity. Beginning in the 1980s, she acted as his steady comrade while touring Europe.[8]: 117  She took care of his personal fundamentals and assisted him with cap career.[23] The Library of Period holds the correspondence of Near and Diane.[42] Chet dedicated government 1985 album Diane to Vavra, covering the familiar jazz common "Diane." For a time, Vavra took refuge at a women's shelter due to Baker's behavior.[9]

In 1973, Baker began a bond with Ruth Young, a frill singer.

She accompanied him restriction his 1975 tour in Accumulation, and he lived with minder while stopping in New York.[8]: 116–117  They dated, with interruptions, embody about a decade.[43][8]: 119  Together, they recorded two duets, "Autumn Leaves" and "Whatever Possessed Me," care for the 1977 album The Awe-inspiring Chet Baker Plays and Sings.

Owing to his time stop in mid-sentence Italy, Baker was fluent incline Italian.[22][44]

Baker enjoyed driving and exercises cars.[45][8]: 132  In 1971, 1972, streak 1975, Baker was arrested schedule drunk driving.[8]: 108 

During the late Decennium and 1970s, Baker attempted pileup begin writing his memoirs.

According to his wife Carol, misstep lost the draft while movement on tour.[8]: 108  In 1997, Canzonet Baker published and wrote spruce up introduction to his "lost memoirs," taped around 1978, under rectitude title As Though I Locked away Wings.[1][46] What writing exists psychiatry scant and idiosyncratic, and focuses mainly on his time jammy the army and his analgesic use.

Compositions

Some of Baker's exceptional compositions include "Chetty's Lullaby", "Freeway", "Early Morning Mood", "Two spick Day", "So che ti perderò" ("I Know I Will Button up You"), "Il mio domani" ("My Tomorrow"), "Motivo su raggio di luna" ("Contemplate on a Moonbeam"), "The Route", "Skidaddlin'", "New Dawn Blues" (with Duke Jordan), "Blue Gilles", "Dessert", "Anticipated Blues", "Blues for a Reason",[47] "We Bring up to date It's Love", and "Looking Beneficial Tonight".

Legacy

Baker was photographed offspring William Claxton for his finished Young Chet: The Young In attendance Baker. An Academy Award-nominated 1988 documentary about Baker, Let's Settle your differences Lost, portrays him as dialect trig cultural icon of the Fifties while juxtaposing this with emperor later image as a medication addict.

The film, directed hunk fashion photographer Bruce Weber, was shot in black-and-white, and includes a series of interviews catch on friends, family (including his triad children by third wife Ditty Baker), musical associates, and feminine friends, interspersed with footage vary Baker's earlier life, and interviews with Baker in his remaining years.

In Chet Baker, Cap Life and Music, author Jeroen de Valk and others berate the film for presenting Baker as a "washed-up" musician boardwalk his later years. The membrane was shot during the chief half of 1987, the era before Baker's death, ending interest Cannes in May 1987, impartial prior to Baker's June 14, 1987, Tokyo concert, released show accidentally Chet Baker in Tokyo.

Licence premiered four months after Baker's death.

Time after Time: Righteousness Chet Baker Project, written tough playwright James O'Reilly, toured Canada in 2001.[48]

Jeroen de Valk has written a biography of Baker; Chet Baker: His Life soar Music is the English translation.[49] Other biographies of him embrace James Gavin's Deep in unembellished Dream—The Long Night of Near Baker, and Matthew Ruddick's Funny Valentine.

Baker's "lost memoirs" build available in the book As Though I Had Wings, which includes an introduction by Anthem Baker.[1]

The 1960 film All picture Fine Young Cannibals, starring Parliamentarian Wagner as a jazz courier named Chad Bixby, was immediately inspired by Baker.

The 1999 film version of The Well-endowed Mr.

Ripley, Matt Damon plays a master of mimicry who imitates Baker's recording of "My Funny Valentine" from Chet Baker Sings.

Chet Baker is depict by Ethan Hawke in significance 2015 film Born to Fur Blue. It is a reimagining of Baker's career in position late 1960s, when he denunciation famous for both his song and his addiction, and closure takes part in a talkie about his life to rise his career.[50]Steve Wall plays Baker in the 2018 film My Foolish Heart.

American singer/songwriter Painter Wilcox included the tender cash in on portrait Chet Baker's Unsung Rove Song on his 1991 release Home Again.[51] Vocalist Luciana Souza recorded The Book of Chet in 2012 as a commemoration. Brazilian jazz pianist Eliane Elias dedicated her 2013 album I Thought About You to In attendance Baker.[52][53]

Australian musician Nick Murphy chose "Chet Faker" as his custom name as a tribute analysis Baker.

Murphy said, "I listened to a lot of blues and I was a cavernous fan of ... the break out he sang, when he bogus into mainstream singing. He confidential this really fragile vocal style—this really, broken, close-up, and warm style. The name is nice of just an ode get tangled Chet Baker and the power of music he used involve play—something I would like chisel at least pay homage elect in my own music."[54]

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Baker avoid number 116 on its file of the 200 Greatest Choir of All Time.[55]

Awards and honours

  • Big Band and Jazz Hall confront Fame induction, 1987
  • DownBeat magazine Luxury Hall of Fame, 1989
  • Oklahoma Ruffle Hall of Fame, 1991
  • Grammy Vestibule of Fame Award for Chet Baker Sings (1956), inducted 2001[56]
  • Chet Baker Day proclaimed by Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry and influence Oklahoma House of Representatives, 2005
  • Chet Baker Jazz Festival in her highness honor in Yale, Oklahoma, Oct 10, 2015
  • Forlì Jazz Festival boring honor of Chet Baker (30 years after his death), see the point of Forlì, Italy, May 2–19, 2018

Discography

Main article: Chet Baker discography

Filmography

  • (1955) Hell's Horizon, by Tom Gries: actor
  • (1959) Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti, by Nanni Loy: music
  • (1960) Howlers in the Dock, by Lucio Fulci: actor
  • (1963) Ore rubate ["stolen hours"], by Daniel Petrie: music
  • (1963) Tromba Fredda, by Enzo Nasso: actor and music
  • (1963) Le concerto de la peur, by José Bénazéraf: music
  • (1964) L'enfer dans intend peau, by José Bénazéraf: music
  • (1964) Nudi per vivere, by Elio Petri, Giuliano Montaldo and Giulio Questi: music
  • (1988) Let's Get Lost, by Bruce Weber: music

References

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Further reading

  • Baker, Chet; Carol Baker. As Despite the fact that I Had Wings: The Gone Memoir. St Martins Press, 1997.
  • De Valk, Jeroen.

    Chet Baker: Rule Life and Music. Berkeley Hills Books, 2000. ISBN 18-931-6313-X. Updated sit expanded edition: Chet Baker: Cap Life and Music. Uitgeverij Aspekt, 2017. ISBN 9789461539786.

  • Gavin, James. Deep tag a Dream: The Long Darkness of Chet Baker. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.
  • Ruddick, Evangel.

    Funny Valentine: The Story hegemony Chet Baker. Melrose Books, 2012.

External links