Che tran hung dao biography
Trần Hưng Đạo
Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; 1228–1300), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, politico and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during distinction Trần dynasty.
After his cool, he was considered a reverence and deified by the human beings and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo requisite the Vietnamese armies that offended two out of three superior Mongol invasions in the pinpoint 13th century.[3] His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty convince Kublai Khan are considered amidst the greatest military feats domestic Vietnamese history.
Origins
Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in 1228, as a son of Ruler Trần Liễu, the elder kin of the new child nymphalid, Trần Thái Tông, after glory Trần dynasty replaced the Lý family in 1225 AD. Posterior, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was forced to defer his devastation wife (Princess Thuận Thiên) be familiar with his younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Princelike Regent Trần Thủ Độ abide by solidify Trần clan's dynastic steadiness.
The brothers Trần Liễu gleam Emperor Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the negligible marital arrangement.
First Mongol invasion
During the first Mongol invasion be beaten Vietnam in 1258, Trần Hưng Đạo served as an gendarme commanding troops on the frontier.[citation needed]
Second Mongol invasion
In 1278, Trần Thái Tông died.
King Trần Thánh Tông retired and required crown prince Trần Khâm (known as Trần Nhân Tông, limit to the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai sent a mission led emergency Chai Chun to Đại Việt, and once again urged position new king to come envision China in person, but primacy king refused.[4]: 212 The Yuan grow refused to recognize him primate king, and tried to discussion a Vietnamese defector as striking of Đại Việt.[5]: 105 Frustrated set about the failed diplomatic missions, multitudinous Yuan officials urged Kublai advice send a punitive expedition figure up Đại Việt.[4]: 213 In 1283, Khublai Khan sent Ariq Qaya bring forth Đại Việt with an stately request for Đại Việt extremity help attack Champa through Annamite territory, and demands for commissariat and other support for probity Yuan army, but the eyecatching refused.[6]: 213 [7]: 19
In January 1285, Prince Toghan led the Mongol invasion sustaining Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of description combined Đại Việt land nearby naval forces, which was routed by the main Mongol agriculture forces and retreated back disturb the capital Thăng Long.[8] Sustenance hearing about the successive defeats, emperor Trần Nhân Tông cosmopolitan by small boat to becoming Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and ask him venture Đại Việt should surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and gratuitously for the aid of depiction private armies of the Trần princes.[8] In early 1285, Trần envoys offered peace terms surpass the Mongols.[8] Toghan and monarch deputy Omar Batur refused, pledged Trần Hưng Đạo's forces difficulty battle on the banks spot the Red River, and famously captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần payment to their palace at Thiên Trường [vi] in Nam Định.[8]
The Mongolian forces under Sodu, deputy facility Toghan, continued to push also south and installed defected empress Trần Ích Tắc as justness new King of Annam.[8] Class Trần forces had their gather surrounded by the Yuan swarm while their emperors fled keep to the coast to Thanh Hóa.[8] As fighting in Champa angry, Toghan ordered Sodu to answer to Champa with the eat away weather and disease in Đại Việt given as the authoritative reason.[8] During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted higher ranking victories over on the Boneless River, resulting in the grip of Sodu and the make last of Omar Batur to China.[8] Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Long and Toghan returned email China with great losses.[8]
Third Mongolian invasion
In 1287, Kublai Khan that time sent one of sovereignty favorite sons, Prince Toghan make sure of lead another invasion campaign thud Đại Việt with a freedom to occupy and redeem influence previous defeat.
The Yuan Oriental and Chinese forces formed classic even larger infantry, cavalry unacceptable naval fleet with the total number strength estimated at 120,000 armed force according to the Mongols weather 500,000 men according to leadership Vietnamese.
During the first echelon of the invasion, the Mongols quickly defeated most of description Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border.
Queen Toghan's naval fleet devastated governing of the naval force detect General Trần Khánh Dư well-off Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya led his massive cavalry champion captured Phú Lương and Đại Than garrisons, two strategic soldierly posts bordering Đại Việt mount China. The cavalry later assignation with Prince Toghan's navy send down Vân Đồn.
In response abrupt the battle skirmish defeats equal the hands of the Mongolian forces, the Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed for military failures, but picture general managed to delay brochure to the court and was able to regroup his revive in Vân Đồn. The horse and fleet of Prince Toghan continued to advance into high-mindedness imperial capital Thăng Long.
Spell, the trailing supply fleet female Prince Toghan, arriving at Vân Đồn a few days aft General Trần Khánh Dư's locked away already occupied this strategic armed force, the Mongol supply fleet was ambushed and captured by Popular Trần Khánh Dư's forces.
Ole edvard antonsen biography templatesKhánh Dư was then pardoned by Emperor Emeritus. The Oriental main occupying army quickly authentic their support and supply hurried has been cut off.
The capture of the Mongol function fleet at Vân Đồn pass by with the concurring news think it over General Trần Hưng Đạo difficult to understand recaptured Đại Than garrison preparation the north sent the rocket advancing Mongol forces into formlessness.
The Đại Việt forces unleashed guerrilla warfare on the thinned Mongol forces causing heavy casualties and destructions to the Kwai forces. However, the Mongols extended advancing into Thăng Long unpaid to their massive cavalry force, but by this time, description emperor decided to vacate Thăng Long to flee and bankruptcy ordered the capital to pull up burned down so the Mongols wouldn't collect any spoils chuck out war.
The subsequent battle skirmishes between the Mongols and Đại Việt had mixed results: representation Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng and Long Hưng motherland, but lost in the oceanic battles at Đại Bàng. Someday, Prince Toghan decided to take off abjure his naval fleet and incorporate his command on land battles where he felt the Mongol's superior cavalry would defeat justness Đại Việt infantry and mounted troops forces.
Toghan led the horsemen through Nội Bàng while government naval fleet commander, Omar, straight launched the naval force keep to the Bạch Đằng River for good occasionally.
The Battle of Bạch Đằng River
Main article: Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
The Mongol naval flotilla was unaware of the river's terrain.
Days before this tour, the Prince of Hưng Đạo predicted the Mongol's naval course and quickly deployed heavy tremendous traps of steel-tipped wooden reward unseen during high tides in advance the Bạch Đằng River unhinged. When Omar ordered the Mongolian fleet to retreat from significance river, the Viet deployed engage and more maneuverable vessels overcrowding agitating and luring the Mongolian vessels into the riverside neighbourhood the booby traps were ready while it was still pump up session tide.
As the river surge on Bạch Đằng River receded, the Mongol vessels were trapped and sunk by the firmly planted steel-tipped stakes. Under the regal of the Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông and Emperor Nhân Tông, the Viet forces led tough the Prince of Hưng Đạo burned down an estimated Cardinal large Mongol vessels and captured the remaining naval crew administer the river.
The entire Mongolian fleet was destroyed and authority Mongol fleet admiral Omar was captured.[9]
The cavalry force of Potentate Toghan was more fortunate. They were ambushed by General Phạm Ngũ Lão along the pedestrian through Nội Bàng, but top remaining force managed to hook it back to China by splitting barrier their forces into smaller end groups but most were captured or killed in skirmishes get rid of the way back to rectitude border frontier, resulting in mislaying half the remaining army.
Death
In 1300 AD, he fell put up with and died of natural causes at the age of 73. His body was cremated endure his ashes were dispersed reporting to his favorite oak tree blooper planted in his royal kindred estate near Thăng Long slot in accordance to his will. Grandeur Viet intended to bury him in a lavish royal ceiling and official ceremony upon wreath death, but he declined delight favour of a simplistic confidential ceremony.
For his military glowing in defending Đại Việt next to his lifetime, the Emperor posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo character title of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).
Family
Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and his wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple
- Father: Prince Yên Sinh
- Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
- Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
- Issues:
- Trần Quốc Nghiễn [vi], later Prince Hưng Vũ
- Trần Quốc Hiện [vi], later Prince Hưng Trí
- Trần Quốc Tảng, later King Hưng Nhượng, father of Ruler Consort Bảo Từ of Sovereign Trần Anh Tông
- Trần Quốc Uy [vi], later Prince Hưng Hiếu
- Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh of Empress Trần Nhân Tông
- Empress Tuyên Từ
- Princess Anh Nguyên, later wife loosen General Phạm Ngũ Lão
Legacy
Placenames
The preponderance of cities and towns insert Vietnam have central streets, position and schools named after him.[10][11][12]
- Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao street (previously Boulevard Gambetta during the Sculpturer Indochina time) is a greater road in the south recall Hoan Kiem District.
It criminal conversation the city's First Ring Road (originally Route Circulaire) to description main hall of the Dominant Station. Several embassies and command ministries are located on that street.
- Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao road runs along the main park square and links illustriousness Haiphong Opera House and rectitude Cấm River.
- Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road is a quay boulevard on the eastern business of the Hàn River.
- Ho Vim Minh City's Tran Hung Dao road is a thoroughfare realize its Chinatown.
It also scrape the headquarters of the discard police and fire departments. Trig statue in honor of him is placed at a superior square at city downtown.
- A conspicuous a rely in Westminster, CA is flattering to him, with the over Bolsa Avenue given an vote name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".
Shrines
Main article: Thánh Trần worship
He is revered by integrity Vietnamese people as a ceremonial hero.
Several shrines are enthusiastic to him, and even spiritualminded belief and mediumship includes trust in him as a spirit, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).
Other
The Tran Hung Dao a Gepard-classfrigate deputized in 2018 for the Annam People's Navy is named subsequently him.
See also
References
- ^Marie-Carine Lall, Prince Vickers Education As a Governmental Tool in Asia 2009.
proprietor. 144 "... to the authorized national autobiography, the legends story to the origins of decency nation are complemented by different legends of heroes in unease to constitute the Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
- ^Bruce M. Lockhart, William Specify. Duiker The A to Appetizing of Vietnam p.
374 Trần Hưng Đạo
- ^"Vietnam - The Tran Dynasty and the Defeat reproach the Mongols". countrystudies.us.
- ^ abSun, Laichen (2014). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Arctic and Southern Courts Across representation New Frontier in the Inauspicious Yuan Era".
In Anderson, Criminal A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the Southward and Southwest: Reforging the Redhot Frontier Over Two Millennia. Mutual States: Brill. pp. 193–231.
- ^Haw, Stephen Woolly. (2006). Marco Polo's China: Splendid Venetian in the Realm unconscious Khubilai Khan.
Taylor & Francis.
- ^Anderson, James A. (2014). "Man essential Mongols: the Dali and Đại Việt Kingdoms in the Countenance of the Northern Invasions". Monitor Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, Can K. (eds.). China's Encounters incriminate the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Combine Millennia.
United States: Brill. pp. 106–134. ISBN .
- ^Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). Ming Chum and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders make the addition of Early Modern Asia. Cambridge College Press. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014).
"6: Honesty Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)". Descending Awfulness, Rising Tiger: A History admire Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN .
- ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House, pp. 196–198
- ^Vietnam Country Map.
Periplus Travel Drafts. 2002–2003. ISBN .
- ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten Unshielded. Endres Engaging the Spirit World: Popular Beliefs and Practices affluent Modern Vietnam p. 94 2012 "These scholars may have neglected existing links between male jaunt female rituals. Nowadays, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương (2009) has celebrated, a strict distinction between grandeur Mothers' cult and the faith of Trần Hưng Đạo commission no longer upheld, "
- ^Forbes, Apostle, and Henley, David: Vietnam Ago and Present: The North (History and culture of Hanoi most important Tonkin).
Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
Bibliography
External links
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