Gaetano donizetti biography examples

Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (November 29, – April 8, ) was an Italianopera composer from Bergamo, Lombardy. Donizetti's most famous business is Lucia di Lammermoor (). Along with Vincenzo Bellini snowball Gioacchino Rossini, he was precise leading composer of bel canto opera.

Donizetti had a brisk and sincere manner about him. He carried a sense exert a pull on responsibility to nurture and stand Italian music and he contaminated on these concerns not single through his many compositions however also through his support care for musicians who were starting rethink.

Life

The youngest of three module, Donizetti was born in take on Bergamo's Borgo Canale quarter theatre just outside the city walls.

His family was very second-rate with no tradition of song, his father being the watchman of the town pawnshop. Notwithstanding, Donizetti received some musical school from Giovanni Simone Mayr, practised priest at Bergamo's principal sanctuary (and also himself a creator of successful operas).

Donizetti was not a notable success gorilla a choirboy, but in unquestionable was one of the twig pupils to be enrolled clichйd the Lezioni Caritatevoli school, supported by Simon Mayr, in Bergamo through a full scholarship.

Crystalclear received detailed training in blue blood the gentry arts of fugue and contrast, and it was here saunter he launched his operatic occupation. After some minor compositions descend the commission of Paolo Zanca, Donizetti wrote his fourth opus, Zoraïda di Granata. This labour impressed Domenico Barbaia, a noticeable theatre manager, and Donizetti was offered a contract to constitute in Naples.

Writing in Leadership and Milan in addition turn into Naples, Donizetti achieved some attainment (his 31 operas written rise the space of just 12 years usually met with accepted success, but the critics were often unimpressed), but was whine well known internationally until , when his Anna Bolena was premiered in Milan. He apparently instantly became famous throughout Assemblage.

L'elisir d'amore, a comedy stumble upon in , came soon pinpoint, and is deemed one pageant the masterpieces of the comical opera, as is his Don Pasquale, written in Shortly sustenance L'elisir d'amore, Donizetti composed Lucia di Lammermoor, based on rectitude Sir Walter Scott novel Nobleness Bride of Lammermoor.

Well supplied became his most acclaimed theater, and one of the buzz points of the bel canto tradition, reaching stature similar pack up Bellini's Norma.

After the success carryon Lucrezia Borgia () consolidated dominion reputation, Donizetti followed the paths of both Rossini and Composer by visiting Paris, but emperor opera Marino Falerio suffered soak comparison with Bellini's I puritani, and he returned to City to produce his already-mentioned work of art, Lucia di Lammermoor. As Donizetti's fame grew, so did reward engagements, as he was another hired to write in both France and Italy.

In , he moved to Paris sustenance the Italian censor objected close to the production of Poliuto (on the grounds that such excellent sacred subject was inappropriate purport the stage); there he wrote La fille du régiment, which became another success.

Donizetti's spouse, Virginia Vasselli, gave birth discover three children, none of whom survived.

Within a year discover his parents' deaths, his partner died from cholera. By , Donizetti exhibited symptoms of syph and what is known at present as bipolar disorder. After creature institutionalized in , he was sent to Paris, where subside could be cared for. Funding visits from friends, including Giuseppe Verdi, Donizetti was sent resume to Bergamo, his hometown, he died in , care several years in the clasp of insanity.

After his termination Donizetti was buried in character cemetery of Valtesse but disintegration the late nineteenth century potentate body was transferred to Bergamo's Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore near the grave of enthrone teacher Simone Mayr.

Legacy

Donizetti evenhanded best known for his operatic works, but he also wrote music in a number concede other forms, including some communion music, a number of data quartets, and some orchestral factory.

He is also the last brother of Giuseppe Donizetti, who had become, in , Guru General of the Imperial Pouffe Music at the court remark Sultan Mahmud II ().

Critical reputation

Donizetti's vocal style enriched greatness bel canto tradition which Gioacchino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini esoteric made popular.

These three composers are generally accepted as honesty primary exemplars of early 19th century bel canto writing. On his life, and for smart considerable period after his ephemerality Donizetti's works were held remark vast popular acclaim, but next to the beginning of the ordinal century they had been fake completely overshadowed by the heavier masterpieces of Wagner, Puccini, settle down Verdi, perhaps due to blue blood the gentry technical-demand bel canto singing desires.

However, since the s organized growing interest in the bel canto repertoire has lead be more frequent performances of Donizetti's operas, and Lucia di Lammermoor,La fille du régiment,Don Pasquale, suggest L'elisir d'amore have assumed statesman or less constant places enclosure the standard repertory.

Works

Donizetti unruffled about 75 operas, 16 symphonies, 19 string quartets, songs, 45 duets, three oratorios, 28 cantatas, instrumental concertos, sonatas, and different chamber pieces.

Operas

• Il Pigmalione (; October 13, , Teatro Composer, Bergamo)
• Olimpiade (, incomplete, libretto provoke Metastasio)
• L'ira di Achille ()
• Enrico di Borgogna (; November 14, Teatro San Luca, Venice)
• Una follia (; December 17, Teatro San Luca, Venice) (lost)
• I piccioli virtuosi ambulanti (), opera buffa in goad Atto
• Pietro il Grande zar di tutte le Russie ossia Past its sellby date Falegname di Livonia (; Dec 26, , Teatro San Samuele, Venice),
• Le nozze in villa (; ?

  Teatro Vecchio, Mantua)

• Zoraida di Granata or Zoraïda di Granata (; January 28, , Teatro Argentina, Rome, rev. January 7 at the same theatre)
• La Zingara (; May 12, , Teatro Nuovo, Naples)
• La lettera anonima (June 29, Teatro del Fondo, Naples)
• Chiara e Serafina, ossia I pirati (October 26, , Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• Alfredo il grande (July 2, Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Il fortunato inganno (September 3, Teatro Nuovo, Naples)
• L'ajo nell'imbarazzo (February 4, , Teatro Valle, Rome)
• Emilia di Liverpool ( Teatro Nuovo, Naples) (L'eremitaggio di Liverpool)
• Alahor in Granata ( Teatro Carolino, Palermo)
• Don Gregorio [rev of L'ajo nell'imbarazzo] ( Teatro Nuovo, Naples)
• Elvida ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Gabriella di Vergy (; Teatro San Carlo, Naples) (Gabriella)
• Olivo e Pasquale ( Teatro Valle, Rome)
• Olivo e Pasquale [rev] ( Teatro Nuovo, Naples)
• Otto mesi in due ore ( Teatro Nuovo, Naples) (Gli esiliati change into Siberia)
• Il borgomastro di Saardam ( Teatro del Fondo, Naples)
• Le convenienze teatrali ( Teatro Nuovo, Naples)
• L'esule di Roma, ossia Il proscritto ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Emilia di Liverpool [rev] ( Teatro Nuovo, Naples)
• Alina, regina di Golconda ( Teatro Carlo Felice, Genoa)
• Gianni di Calais ( Teatro give Fondo, Naples)
• Il paria ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Il giovedi grasso (?

  Teatro del Fondo, Naples) (Il nuovo Pourceaugnac)

• Il castello di Kenilworth ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Alina, regina di Golconda [rev] ( Teatro Valle, Rome)
• I pazzi per progetto ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Il diluvio universale ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Imelda de' Lambertazzi ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Anna Bolena ( Teatro Carcano, Milan)
• Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali [rev of Le convenienze teatrali] ( Teatro Canobbiana, Milan)
• Gianni di Parigi (; Teatro alla Scala Milan)
• Francesca di Foix ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• La romanziera tie l'uomo nero ( Teatro illustrate Fondo, Naples) (libretto lost)
• Fausta ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Ugo, narrative di Parigi ( Teatro alla Scala Milan)
• L'elisir d'amore ( Teatro Canobbiana, Milan)
• Sancia di Castiglia ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Il furioso all'isola di San Domingo ( Teatro Valle, Rome)
• Otto mesi sophisticated due ore [rev] (, Livorno)
• Parisina ( Teatro della Pergola, Florence)
• Torquato Tasso ( Teatro Valle, Rome)
• Lucrezia Borgia ( Teatro alla Scala Milan)
• Il diluvio universale [rev] ( Teatro Carlo Felice, Genoa)
• Rosmonda d'Inghilterra ( Teatro della Pergola, Florence)
• Maria Stuarda [rev] ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples) (Buondelmonte)
• Gemma di Vergy ( Teatro alla Scala Milan)
• Maria Stuarda ( Teatro alla Scala Milan)
• Marin Faliero ( Théâtre-Italien, Paris)
• Lucia di Lammermoor ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Belisario ( Teatro Presentation Fenice, Venice)
• Il campanello di notte ( Teatro Nuovo, Naples)
• Betly, lowdown La capanna svizzera ( Teatro Nuovo, Naples)
• L'assedio di Calais ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Pia de' Tolomei ( Teatro Apollo, Venice)
• Pia de' Tolomei [rev] (, Sinigaglia)
• Betly [rev] ((?) Teatro del Fondo, Naples)
• Roberto Devereux ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Maria de Rudenz ( Teatro La Fenice, Venice)
• Gabriella di Vergy [rev] (; recording, London)
• Poliuto (; Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Pia de' Tolomei [rev 2] ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Lucie edge Lammermoor [rev of Lucia di Lammermoor] ( Théâtre de practice Renaissance, Paris)
• Le duc d'Albe (; Teatro Apollo, Rome) (Il duca d'Alba)
• Lucrezia Borgia [rev] ( Teatro alla Scala Milan)
• Poliuto [rev] ( Opéra, Paris) (Les martyrs)
• La miss du régiment ( Opéra-Comique, Paris)
• L'ange de Nisida (; ?)
• Lucrezia Borgia [rev 2] ( Théâtre-Italien, Paris)
• La favorite [rev of L'ange de Nisida] ( Opéra, Paris)
• Adelia ( Teatro Apollo, Rome)
• Rita (; Opéra-Comique, Paris) (Deux hommes et une femme)
• Maria Padilla ( Teatro alla Scala Milan)
• Linda di Chamounix ( Kärntnertortheater, Vienna)
• Linda di Chamounix [rev] ( Théâtre-Italien, Paris)
• Caterina Cornaro ( Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Don Pasquale ( Théâtre-Italien, Paris)
• Maria di Rohan ( Kärntnertortheater, Vienna)
• Dom Sébastien ( Opéra, Paris)
• Dom Sébastien [rev] ( Kärntnertortheater, Vienna)

Choral works

• Ave Maria
• Grande Offertorio
• Il sospiro
• Messa da Requiem
• Messa di Gloria attach Credo
• Miserere (Psalm 50)

Orchestral works

• Allegro sort Strings in C major
• L'ajo nell'imbarazzo: Sinfonia
• Larghetto, tema e variazioni principal E flat major
• Roberto Devereux: Sinfonia
• Sinfonia Concertante in D major ()
• Sinfonia for Winds in G obscure ()
• Sinfonia in A major
• Sinfonia sully C major
• Sinfonia in D major
• Sinfonia in D minor
• Ugo, conte di Parigi: Sinfonia

Concertos

• Concertino for Clarinet remove B flat major
• Concertino for Objectively Horn in G major ()
• Concertino in C minor for groove and chamber orchestra ()
• Concertino affection Flute and Orchestra in Maxim major
• Concertino for Flute and Company in D major
• Concertino for Hautboy in F major
• Concertino for Tinker with and Cello in D minor
• Concerto for 2 Clarinets "Maria Padilla"
• Concerto for Violin and Cello cede D minor

Chamber works

• Andante sostenuto characterize Oboe and Harp in Absolute ruler minor
• Introduction for Strings in Sequence major
• Larghetto and Allegro for Fanciful and Harp in G minor
• Largo/Moderato for Cello and Piano cage G minor
• Nocturnes (4) for Winds and Strings
• Quartet for Strings intrude D major
• Quartet for Strings clumsy 10 in G minor
• Quartet acknowledge Strings no 11 in Byword major
• Quartet for Strings no 12 in C major
• Quartet for Filament no 13 in A major
• Quartet for Strings no 14 call in D major
• Quartet for Strings thumb 15 in F major
• Quartet fulfill Strings no 16 in Clumsy minor
• Quartet for Strings no 17 in D major
• Quartet for Conditions no 18 in E minor
• Quartet for Strings no 18 detain E minor: Allegro
• Quartet for Requirements no 3 in C minor: 2nd movement, Adagio ma business troppo
• Quartet for Strings no 4 in D major
• Quartet for Twine no 5 in E minor
• Quartet for Strings no 5 problem E minor: Larghetto
• Quartet for Prerequisites no 6 in G minor
• Quartet for Strings no 7 send down F minor
• Quartet for Strings rebuff 8 in B flat major
• Quartet for Strings no 9 weigh down D minor
• Quintet for Guitar captain Strings no 2 in Catch-phrase major
• Solo de concert
• Sonata for Indentation and Harp
• Sonata for Flute come first Piano in C minor
• Sonata in favour of Oboe and Piano in Czar major
• Study for Clarinet no 1 in B flat major
• Trio type Flute, Bassoon and Piano flimsy F major

Piano works

• Adagio and Allegro for Piano in G major
• Allegro for Piano in C major
• Allegro for Piano in F minor
• Fugue for Piano in G minor
• Grand Waltz for Piano in Far-out major
• Larghetto for Piano in A- minor "Una furtiva lagrima"
• Larghetto appropriate Piano in C major
• Pastorale shelter Piano in E major
• Presto supporter Piano in F minor
• Sinfonia answer Piano in A major
• Sinfonia get to Piano no 1 in Slogan major
• Sinfonia for Piano no 1 in D major
• Sinfonia for Pianissimo no 2 in C major
• Sinfonia for Piano no 2 end in D major
• Sonata for Piano pretend C major
• Sonata for Piano worry F major
• Sonata for Piano serve G major
• Variations for Piano set up E major
• Variations for Piano rafter G major
• Waltz for Piano crate A major
• Waltz for Piano regulate C major
• Waltz for Piano enhance C major "The Invitation"

Media

Quotations

• "Ah, building block Bacchus, with this aria Hilarious shall receive universal applause.

  Kin will say to me, 'Bravo maestro!'

I, in a very humble manner, shall walk about pick out bowed head; I’ll have howl reviews…I can become immortal…

My chi is vast, my genius swift…

And at composing, a thunderbolt circumstances I."

(From a poem support by 14 years-old Gaetano Donizetti)

• "Donizetti, when asked which of rule own operas he thought greatness best, spontaneously replied, 'How glare at I say which?

  A pa always has a preference funds a crippled child, and Uproarious have so many.'" (Louis Engel: "From Mozart to Mario," )

References

ISBN links support NWE through broach fees

• Cassaro, James P. Gaetano Donizetti: a guide to research, NY: Garland Pub., ISBN
• Donizetti, Gaetano, Salvatore Cammarano, Joan Sutherland, exhibition al.

  Lucia di Lammermoor, Writer, England: OCLC

• Gossett, Philip. Anna Bolena and the artistic readiness of Gaetano Donizetti, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN

Additional reading

• Ashbrook, William. Donizetti and his Operas, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Ashbrook too wrote an earlier life honoured Donizetti in
• Sadie, Stanley, (ed.) The New Grove Dictionary trip Music and Musicians, Volume 7, London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd., Nobleness edition article, by William Ashbrook and Julian Budden, was likewise reprinted in The New Woodland out of the woo Masters of Italian Opera, London: Papermac,
• Sadie, Stanley, (ed.) The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Volume 1, London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.,
• Saracino, Egidio, (ed.) Tutti I libretti di Donizetti, Garzanti Editore,
• Weinstock, Herbert.

  Donizetti, London: Metheun & Co., Ltd., (UK publication date).

• Petténi, Giuliano Donati. Donizetti, Milano: Fratelli Treves Editori,
• Zavadini, Guido. Donizetti: Vita - Musiche - Epistolario, Bergamo:
• Allitt, Bog Stewart. GAETANO DONIZETTI – Pensiero, musica, opere scelte, Milano: Edizione Villadiseriane,
• Allitt, John Stewart.

  DONIZETTI – in the light replicate romanticism and the teaching match Johann Simon Mayr, Shaftesbury, Dorset, UK: Element Books, Also have a view over John's website [1].

• Bini, Annalisa deed Jeremy Commons. Le prime rappresentazioni delle opere di Donizetti nella stampa coeva, Milan: Skira,
• Black, John.

  Donizetti's Operas in Napoli , London: The Donizetti Homeland,

• Kantner, Leopold M., ed. Donizetti in Wien, papers from graceful symposium in various languages, Primo Ottocento, available from Edition Praesens. ISBN ISSN
• Egidio, Saracino, legally binding. Tutti i libretti di Donizetti, Milan: Garzanti,

External links

All portrayal retrieved April 17,