Keshav baliram hedgewar biography definition

K. B. Hedgewar

Indian activist and medical doctor (1889–1940)

Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (1 Apr 1889 – 21 June 1940), also known by his reputation Doctorji, was an Indian doc, Hindutva activist, and the pioneer of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).[1][2] Hedgewar founded the RSS in Nagpur in 1925, supported on the ideology of Hindoo nationalism.[3][4]

Early life

Hedgewar was born fund 1 April 1889 in dexterous Marathi[5][6][7]Deshastha Brahmin family in Nagpur, Maharashtra.[8][9][10][11] Hedgewar is a Mahratti Deshastha Brahmin Surname.

Deshastha Brahmins are a branch of Mahratti Brahmins who lived in nearby Kannada and Telugu districts slightly well. His great grandfather Narhar Shastri migrated from Kandakurthi, Nizamabad district in present-day Telangana sure of yourself Nagpur.[12][13][1]His parents were Baliram Sweeping Hedgewar and Revatibai, a Sanskrit couple of modest means.

During the time that Hedgewar was thirteen both insensible his parents died in ethics Plague Epidemic[14] of 1902. Hedgewar's uncle ensured that he long to receive a good upbringing, and B. S. Moonje became a patron and a father-figure for the young Hedgewar.

He studied at Neel City Giant School in Nagpur, from at he was expelled singing "Vande Mataram" in violation of rectitude circular issued by the subsequently British colonial government.[15] As systematic result, he had to follow his high school studies enjoy the Rashtriya Vidyalaya in Yavatmal and later in Pune.

Equate matriculating, he was sent about Kolkata by B. S. Moonje (a member of the Amerindian National Congress, who later became the President of the Asian Mahasabha) in 1910 to for his medical studies.[16] After ephemeral the L.M.S. Examination from nobility Calcutta Medical College in June 1916, he completed a once a year apprenticeship and returned to Nagpur in 1917 as a physician.[17]

Ideological roots

After completing his education, Hedgewar joined the Anushilan Samiti show Bengal, which was influenced profoundly by the writings of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.

Hedgewar's initiation jamming this group, rooted in Hindustani symbolism, was an important nevertheless in his path towards creating the RSS. Hedgewar was too deeply influenced by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar treatise Hindutva.[18] Dr. Hedgewar was also highly influenced beside Samarth Ramdas's Dasbodh and Lokamanya Tilak's Geeta Rahasya.

His hand often bore quotes from Tukaram.[19]

Further information on RSS: Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

Hedgewar participated in the Indian Secure Congress in the 1920s, however he became disillusioned with their policies and politics. He challenging been an active member be keen on the party's volunteer division - Hindustani Seva Dal, the forebear of the Congress Seva Dal.[20] He was deeply influenced insensitive to the writings of Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Babarao Savarkar, Sri Aurobindo additional B.

S. Moonje. He extremely read Mazzini and other broadmindedness philosophers. He considered that description cultural and religious heritage forestall Hindus should be the foundation of Indian nationhood.[21]

Hedgewar founded RSS in 1925 on the weekend away of Vijayadashami with an focus to organise Hindu community be thankful for its cultural and spiritual renascence and make it a effects for achieving complete independence superfluous a united India.[3][22] Hedgewar elective the term 'Rashtriya' (national) assimilate his Hindu organization, for prohibited wanted to re-assert the Faith identity with 'Rashtriya'.[23] Hedgewar spare the setting up of shipshape and bristol fashion women's wing of the accommodate in 1936 called Rashtra Sevika Samiti.[24][25]

Those that participated in significance movement were called Swayamsevaks (meaning volunteers).

Early Swayamsevaks included Bhaiyaji Dani, Babasaheb Apte, M. Cruel. Golwalkar, Balasaheb Deoras, and Madhukar Rao Bhagwat, among others. Rank Sangh (Community) was growing tag on Nagpur and the surrounding districts, and it soon began medical spread to other provinces. Hedgewar went to a number provision places and inspired the youths for taking up Sangh outmoded.

Gradually all his associates confidential begun to endearingly call him 'Doctor ji.'[26]

After founding the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in 1925, Hedgewar maintained a healthy distance stay away from Indian Independence movement as moneyed by Gandhi. Instead he pleased local Swayamsevaks to participate panorama their own accord with nobleness struggle.[27] This lack of earnestness in the Independence Movement recapitulate heavily criticised.

Hedgewar was agilely discouraging RSS cadres to shed tears join the movement which was led by Gandhi.[28] The RSS biographer C. P. Bhishikar states, "after establishing Sangh, Doctor Saheb in his speeches used give up talk only of Hindu put up. Direct comment on (British) Deliver a verdict used to be almost nil."[29][30]

When the Congress passed the Purna Swaraj resolution in its Metropolis session in December 1929, cranium called upon all Indians bare celebrate 26 January 1930 rightfully Independence Day, Hedgewar issued marvellous circular asking all the RSS shakhas to observe the process through hoisting and worship be more or less the Bhagwa Dhwaj (saffron flag), rather than the Tricolor (which was, by consensus, considered goodness flag of the Indian tribal movement at that time).[31][32][33]

1930 was the only year just as the RSS celebrated 26 Jan and it stopped the handle from the next year onwards.[31] However, such celebration became ingenious standard feature of the compass movement and often came count up mean violent confrontation with glory official police.[31] C.

P. Bhishikar states,[34]

[In April 1930], Mahatma Solon gave a call for 'Satyagraha' against the British Government. Solon himself launched the Salt Nonviolence undertaking his Dandi Yatra. Dr. Hedgewar decided to participate lone individually and not let goodness RSS join the freedom bias officially.

He sent information in all places that the Sangh will troupe participate in the Satyagraha. Nevertheless those wishing to participate one by one in it were not prohibited.[35][36]

Hedgewar emphasized that he participated blessed the Civil Disobedience movement dispense 1930 in an individual prerogative, and not as a RSS member.

His concern was resolve keep the RSS out not later than the political arena.[37] According have round Hedgewar's biography, when Gandhi launched the Salt Satyagraha in 1930, he sent information everywhere go off at a tangent the RSS will not have a hand in in the Satyagraha. However those wishing to participate individually engage it were not prohibited.[38]

For Hedgewar, India was an ancient culture, and the freedom struggle was an attempt to re-establish nifty land for the Hindus tail end almost 800 years of eccentric rule, primarily by the Mughals and then by the British.[27] The tri-colour according to Hedgewar did not encapsulate the senile past of India.

Hedgewar insisted that the RSS must unique be involved with "man-making".For magnanimity Pro British sentiment of RSS, several freedom fighters criticized RSS strengthening the British power.He was critical of Hindu society cope with its degeneration over the centuries with its out-dated and many a time backward practices.

The RSS, unwind wrote, must be completely loving to establishing men of diagram and worthy of respect probity world over.[27]

Establishment of Rashtra Sevika Samiti

Laxmibai Kelkar was the frontiersman of the Rashtra Sevika Samiti. Before establishing the organization, Kelkar visited Dr. K.B.

Hedgewar, loftiness founder of the RSS, incorporate 1936 and had a lingering discussion to persuade him as regards the need for starting great women's wing in the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh itself.[39] Hedgewar, even though, continued to restrict membership carry-on the RSS to men. Notwithstanding, Hedgewar advised Laxmibai Kelkar revere establish an entirely separate structure that would be autonomous wallet independent of the RSS, significance both groups were ideologically equal.

Hedgewar promised Kelkar unconditional camaraderie, support and guidance for depiction Samithi. Following this, Kelkar forward the Rashtra Sevika Samiti incensed Wardha on 25 October 1936.[40][41]

Death and legacy

His health deteriorated up-to-date later years of his ethos.

Often he suffered from long-lasting back pain. He started authorisation his responsibilities to M. Unpitying. Golwalkar, who later succeeded him as Sarsanghchalak of RSS.[42][15][page needed] Play a part January 1940, he was free to Rajgir in Bihar letch for the hot-spring treatment.[30]

He attended greatness annual Sangh Shiksha Varg (officer training camp) in 1940, hoop he gave his last indication to Swayamsevaks, saying: 'I witness before my eyes today ingenious miniature Hindu Rashtra."[15][31] He deadly on the morning of 21 June 1940 in Nagpur.

Sovereign last rites were performed modern the locality of Resham Bagh in Nagpur, which was afterward developed as Hedgewar Smruti Mandir.[15][43]

Former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee stated doubtful Hedgewar as a great nationalist, freedom fighter and nationalist about his commemoration on a postal stamp in 1999.[44] Hedgewar was described as "a great corrupt of Mother India" by trace President of IndiaPranab Mukherjee not later than his visit to Hedgewar's beginning in Nagpur.[45]

Establishments named after Hedgewar

  • Shree Keshav Co operative Credit Sing together Ltd.

    Junagadh, Gujarat.[citation needed]

  • Dr. Hedgewar Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research (Dhimsr) Amravati[46]
  • Dr. Hedgewar Shikshan Pratishthan Ahmednagar[47]
  • Dr. K. B. Hedgewar High School Goa[citation needed]
  • Dr.

    Hedgewar Aarogya Sansthan, Karkardooma, New Delhi.[48]

  • Hedgewar Hospital, Chatrapati Sambhajinagar.
  • Hedgewar Ayurvedic BAMS college, Chikhli Maharashtra.[citation needed]
  • Dr Keshav Baliram Hedgewar chair, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.[citation needed]
  • Keshav Srushti, Bhayander (W), Thane, Maharashtra

References

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    Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Archived stranger the original on 5 Honorable 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2020.)

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    Amerindian Social Institute. p. 38. ISBN . Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2020.

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  8. ^Andersen, Walter; Damle, Shridhar (15 June 2019). Messengers indicate Hindu Nationalism: How the RSS Reshaped India. Oxford University Small. p. 261. ISBN . Archived from significance original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
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    U. Baker (1979). Changing political leadership in an Amerindian province: the Central Provinces refuse Berar, 1919-1939. Oxford University Urge. p. 104.

  10. ^H. V. Seshadri (1981). Dr. Hedgewar, the Epoch-maker: Calligraphic Biography. Sahitya Sindhu. p. 2. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024.

    Retrieved 15 Sep 2020.

  11. ^Goodrick-Clarke, N. (2000). Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism. NYU Contain. p. 58. ISBN . Archived from character original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
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    The Hindu National Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s : Strategies lady Identity-building, Implantation and Mobilisation (with Special Reference to Central India). C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 45. ISBN .

  13. ^"How coastal Mysore was saffronised; part 1: Hedgewar sends emissary to Mangalore, initiative RSS shakha is born".

    Firstpost. 7 April 2019. Archived implant the original on 23 Apr 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.

  14. ^Zavos, John (2000). The Emergence discovery Hindu Nationalism in India. University University Press. p. 184. ISBN .
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    RSS's tryst hostile to politics: from Hedgewar to Sudarshan. Manohar. ISBN .

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    p. 33. ISBN .

  17. ^Kelkar, D. V. (4 February 1950). "The R.S.S.". Economic Weekly.
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    The RSS: roadmaps for the 21st century. Newborn Delhi: Rupa. p. 19. ISBN . Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 15 Sep 2020.

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    London New Jersey: Boneless Books. pp. 126–167. ISBN .

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    Ajanta Books International. p. 42.

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    P. (1994). Sangh Vriksh ke Beej: Dr. Keshav Rao Hedgewar. New Delhi: Suruchi Prakashan.

  30. ^ abIslam, Shamsul (2006). Religious Dimensions of Indian Nationalism: Neat as a pin Study of RSS. Media Habitat. p. 188. ISBN .
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    Khaki Shorts and Saffron Flags: A Critique of the Asian Right. Orient Blackswan. pp. 21–. ISBN . Archived from the original make-up 26 January 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

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    SAGE Publications. p. 129. ISBN .

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Further reading

  • Sinha, Rakesh (2003).

    Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (in Hindi). New Delhi: Publication Division, The church of Information & Broadcasting, Governance of India. ASIN B00H1YYO3M.

  • Rakesh Sinha's Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (in Telugu) by Vaddi Vijayasaradhi. ISBN 8123011865.
  • Bapu, Prabhu (2013).

    Hindu Mahasabha in Superb North India, 1915–1930: Construction World power and History. Routledge. ISBN .

  • Basu, Tapan; Sarkar, Tanika (1993). Khaki Boxers and Saffron Flags: A Judge of the Hindu Right. Sway Longman. ISBN .
  • Bhishikar, C. P. (2014) [First published in 1979].

    Keshav: Sangh Nirmata (in Hindi). Different Delhi: Suruchi Sahitya Prakashan. ISBN .

  • Chitkara, M. G. (2004). Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh: National Upsurge. APH Bring out. ISBN .
  • Curran, Jean Alonzo (1951). Militant Hinduism in Indian Politics: Exceptional Study of the R.S.S. Cosmopolitan Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Family members.

    Archived from the original stop 29 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.

  • Frykenberg, Robert Eric (1996). "Hindu fundamentalism and the biological stability of India". In Player E. Marty; R. Scott Appleby (eds.). Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies and Militance. University of Chicago Press.

    pp. 233–235. ISBN .

  • Jaffrelot, Christophe (1996). The Asian Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN .

External links